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Wednesday 10 July 2024

 

Empirical antifungal therapy for health care-associated intra-abdominal infection: a retrospective, multicentre and comparative study

 

by Djamel Mokart, Mehdi Boutaba, Luca Servan, Benjamin Bertrand, Olivier Baldesi, Laurent Lefebvre, Frédéric Gonzalez, Magali Bisbal, Bruno Pastene, Gary Duclos, Marion Faucher, Laurent Zieleskiewicz, Laurent Chow-Chine, Antoine Sannini, Jean Marie Boher, Romain Ronflé…

 

Annals of Intensive Care volume 14, Article number: 98, Published: 25 June 2024

 

Background

Current guidelines recommend using antifungals for selected patients with health care-associated intra-abdominal infection (HC-IAI), but this recommendation is based on a weak evidence. This study aimed to assess the association between early empirical use of antifungals and outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) adult patients requiring re-intervention after abdominal surgery.

Methods

A retrospective, multicentre cohort study with overlap propensity score weighting was conducted in three ICUs located in three medical institutions in France. Patients treated with early empirical antifungals for HC-IAI after abdominal surgery were compared with controls who did not receive such antifungals. The primary endpoint was the death rate at 90 days, and the secondary endpoints were the death rate at 1 year and composite criteria evaluated at 30 days following the HC-IAI diagnosis, including the need for re-intervention, inappropriate antimicrobial therapy and death, whichever occurred first.

Results

At 90 days, the death rate was significantly decreased in the patients treated with empirical antifungals compared with the control group (11.4% and 20.7%, respectively, p=0.02). No differences were reported for the secondary outcomes.

Conclusion

The use of early empirical antifungal therapy was associated with a decreased death rate at 90 days, with no effect on the death rate at 1 year, the death rate at 30 days, the rate of re-intervention, the need for drainage, and empirical antibiotic and antifungal therapy failure at 30 days.

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