Weak anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response is associated with mortality in a Swedish cohort of COVID-19 patients in critical care

 

Weak anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response is associated with mortality in a Swedish cohort of COVID-19 patients in critical care

 

by Sana Asif, Robert Frithiof, Miklos Lipcsey, Bjarne Kristensen, Kjell Alving and Michael Hultström 

 

Critical Care volume 24, Article number: 639 (2020)

Research Letter

Profiling of the antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 may be crucial to understand the immunological reaction and to design successful treatment strategies. Studies have confirmed the development of a typical antibody response to an acute viral infection in COVID-19 patients [1]. A robust generation and a dynamic pattern of IgA, IgM and IgG antibodies can be detected 2–3 weeks following the first symptoms of COVID-19 [2, 3]. An early robust antibody response in patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 was reported in survivors, versus a weak antibody production in non-survivors [4, 5]. However, antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in critically ill patients is largely unknown.

We investigated the antibody response to SARS-Cov-2 Spike-1 protein in adult patients (n = 19) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at a tertiary care hospital in Uppsala, Sweden. Plasma samples were collected at two different time points; (a) early, day 0–3 and (b) late, day 10–13, and concentrations of IgA, IgG and IgM antibodies were quantified by FluoroEnzymeImmunoassay (FEIA), Phadia AB, Uppsala, Sweden.

The median age of our cohort was 57 years, and 93% were males. The most common co-morbidities were obesity (93%), hypertension (42%) and diabetes mellitus type-2 (32%). The median COVID-19 day at ICU admission was 10 (6–14) days, the median length of ICU stay was 18 (11–38) days, and 30 days mortality was 21% (Table 1). In our cohort, a IgA, IgG and IgM antibody response could be detected as early as day 0–3 post-ICU admission, and this increase in antibodies was persistent up to day 10–13 (Fig. 1). A significant change in antibody concentrations over time was detected in patients who survived till day 30 in comparison with those who did not (Fig. 1). No associations were seen between antibody levels and patient age, or any other clinical or laboratory parameters. At both early and late timepoints, plasma concentrations of IgA, IgG and IgM antibodies tend to be higher in patients who survived compared to those who had died at 30 days (Fig. 1). This suggests that SARS-CoV-2 antibody response, similar to other virus illnesses, is important for virus protection and recovery. A limitation of the present dataset is the relatively low number of patients…