by
Lewis, Anthony J.; Griepentrog, John E.; Zhang, Xianghong; Angus, Derek C.;
Seymour, Christopher W.; Rosengart, Matthew R.
Objectives:
Sepsis, the acute organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to
infection, poses a serious public health burden. Current management includes
early detection, initiation of antibiotics and fluids, and source control as
necessary. Although observational data suggest that delays of even a few hours
in the initiation of antibiotics or IV fluids is associated with survival,
these findings are controversial. There are no randomized data in humans, and
prior animal studies studied time from experimental manipulation, not from the
onset of clinical features of sepsis. Using a recently developed murine cecal
ligation and puncture model that precisely monitors physiologic deterioration,
we hypothesize that incremental hourly delays in the first dose of antibiotics,
in the first bolus of fluid resuscitation, or a combination of the two at a
clinically relevant point of physiologic deterioration during polymicrobial
sepsis will shorten survival. Design: Randomized laboratory animal experimental
trial. Setting: University basic science laboratory. Subjects: Male C57BL/6J,
female C57BL/6J, aged (40–50 wk old) male C57BL/6J, and BALB/C mice.
Interventions: Mice (n = 200) underwent biotelemetry-enhanced cecal ligation
and puncture and were randomized after meeting validated criteria for acute
physiologic deterioration. Treatment groups consisted of a single dose of
imipenem/cilastatin, a single bolus of 30 mL/kg fluid resuscitation, or a
combination of the two. Mice were allocated to receive treatment at the time of
meeting deterioration criteria, after a 2-hour delay or after a 4-hour delay.
Measurements and Main Results: Hourly delays in the initiation of antibiotic
therapy led to progressively shortened survival in our model (p < 0.001).
The addition of fluid resuscitation was unable to rescue animals, which
received treatment 4 hours after meeting enrollment criteria. Systemic
inflammation was increased, and host physiology was increasingly deranged with
hourly delays to antibiotics. Conclusions: We conclude that antibiotic therapy
is highly time sensitive, and efforts should be made to deliver this critical therapy
as early as possible in sepsis, perhaps extending into the first point of
medical contact outside the hospital.
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